Which statement is an example of a consensual encounter?

• A. A Voluntary Conversation Without Suspicion
• B. A Stop and Frisk
• C. An Arrest
• D. A Formal Interrogation

Answer: (A)

A consensual encounter happens when police approach someone, start a voluntary conversation, and the person is free to ignore or walk away without any detention or coercion. The voluntary conversation without suspicion fits this exactly: there’s no restraint on liberty, no requirement to answer, and no basis for keeping the person there.

The other scenarios involve some form of restraint or coercion. A stop and frisk is a seizure requiring reasonable suspicion, so you’re not freely leaving. An arrest is a complete seizure of liberty. A formal interrogation usually occurs after custody, where the person is not free to leave and may be required to answer questions.